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Sefer Torah
The Sefer Torah is the most precious article in Jewish life. It is what conect us with G-d and it is the source from which we derive Divine instruction for our daily life. It is prefectly intact just as we received it some 3,500 years ago.
In accordance with tradition the first presentation was shown to Moshe by G-d "Written in black fire over white fire". Moshe transcribed from that Torah of fire while G-d dictated the words. This very Torah was placed in the Holy Ark and twelve additional Torah Scrolls were gifted to each of the tribes.
From these original scrolls, additional Torahs were transcribed in precise detail. Even the letters were identical in appearance. Indeed each and every feature was prescribed by G-d. Thus the chain of Torah remained unbroken from the time it was given to us at Sinai.
Along the 3,516 years of Jewish history, no one of the Torah’s 304,805 lleters has ever been changed and a Sefer Torah that exist in New York is exactly the same that exist in Japan. The words we read in synagogue today are exactly those recorded by Moses. Our Sages have thaught that every Jew has a letter in the Torah which corresponds to his or her soul and spiritual identity. Just as each letter is an essential part of the Torah, so too each and every Jew is of utmost importance and constitutes an essential and integral part of K’lal Israel ( Jewish People ).
The very last mitzvah in the Torah is to write a Torah Scroll. By endowing a letter, word, sentence for yourself, your children, family members or friends, it is as if you have written your own Torah Scroll.
Mitzvah On Every Jew
It is a mitzvah(positive commandment) for every Jew to write for himself a Sefer Torah as it is said: "And now write for you this song and from tradition our Sages received the explanation of this verse: to write the whole Torah were the song is written. Even if one inherited a Sefer Torah from his father, still he is commanded to write one for himself. If he hired a Sofer(Certified Scribe) to write a Sefer Torah for him or if he fixed the Sefer Torah considered as if he wrote it by himself.
Honoring
We are intructed to render great honor to the Sefer Torah. And it is a Mitzvah to designate for the Sefer Torah an specific place, to clean this place a beautify it as posible. One who sees a person carring a Sefer Torah needs to stand up before it until the Sefer Torah is put back in it place or until he doesn’t see it anymore. And by the Beit Hakneset (Synagogue) when the Sefer Torah is taken out and returned, it is a Mitzvah for all those who the Sefer Torah pass by to go along with it until its place. Oraita
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The Torah (תּוֹרָה) is the most important document in Judaism, revered as the inspired word of God, traditionally said to have been revealed to Moses. The word Torah means "teaching," "instruction," "scribe", or "law" in Hebrew. It is also known as the Five Books of Moses, the Law of Moses (Torat Moshe תּוֹרַת־מֹשֶׁה) or Sefer Torah which refers to the scroll cases in which the books were kept), in Greek called Pentateuch (Πεντετεύχως "five rolls or cases").
Other names current in Judaism include Hamisha Humshei Torah (חמשה חומשי תורה, "[the] five fifths/parts [of the] Torah") or simply the Humash (חוּמָשׁ "fifth"). A Sefer Torah is a formal written scroll of the five books, written by a Torah scribe under exceptionally strict requirements. The term is sometimes also used in the general sense to also include both Judaism's written law and oral law, encompassing the entire spectrum of authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history, including the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Midrash, and more.
The Torah comprises the first five books of the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible, known as Old Testament of the Christian Bible. To Jews, there is no "Old Testament." The books that Christians call the New Testament are not part of Jewish scripture.The five books, their names and pronunciations in the original Hebrew, are as follows:
Genesis (בראשית, Bereshit: "In the beginning...")
Exodus (שמות, Shemot: "Names")
Leviticus (ויקרא, Vayyiqra: "And he called...")
Numbers (במדבר, Bamidbar: "In the desert...")
Deuteronomy (דברים, Devarim: "Words", or "Discourses")
(The Hebrew names are taken from initial words within the first verse of each book. See, for example, Genesis 1:1.) These books describe the creation of the Universe and its history, and it describes in particular the special covenant between God and the people of Israel.
Jews have revered the Torah through the ages, as have Samaritans and Christians. It is traditionally accepted as the literal word of God as told to Moses. For many, it is neither exactly history, nor theology, nor a legal and ritual guide, but something beyond all three. It is the primary guide to the relationship between God and man, and the whole meaning and purpose of that relationship, a living document that unfolds over generations and millennia.
means "Scrolls". While the term could accurately be used of scrolls of any of the Biblical books, it most commonly refers to the Book of Esther which is read on the Purim festival. Indeed that book is commonly called "The Megilla".
More generally one can speak of the Five Megillot which are customarily read in synagogues on holidays:
- Esther, read publicly on the festival of Purim;
- Song of Songs (Shir ha-Shirim), read on the intermediate Sabbath of Pessach (Passover);
- Ruth, read on the festival of Shavuot (Weeks) ;
- Ecclesiastes (Kohelet), read on the intermediate Sabbath of Sukkot (Tabernacles);
- Lamentations (Eicha), read on the fast day of Tisha B'Av (the Ninth of Av).
While many congregations read these books--except for Megillat Esther--from printed books, there are still many which read all of them from halakhically kosher parchment scrolls. On Purim the halakha (Jewish law) requires the use of a kosher scroll. In our day it is common for many congregants to follow the reading from their own parchment scrolls.
All beginning scribes start out writing Megillot Esther, because Esther is the only book of the Bible which doesn't contain any of the specially sanctified Divine Names. As a result, beginning scribes can write the megilla without having to worry about all the extra problems that could be created if they were to make mistakes on sheets containing the Divine Names, or even in the Names themselves. They proceed to writing other things usually only after several megillot. Of course, experienced scribes also write Megillot Esther.
Megillot Esther are usually written with columns of 11, 14, 21, 28, or 42 lines. They vary in height from about 6 cm (3") up to about 50 cm (20"). Megillot Esther are commonly written with the word HaMelekh ("The King") at the head of almost all the columns, as this format is popular. There is also an old tradition of illuminating scrolls of Megillat Esther. The Jerusalem Scribe continues this truly Jewish art tradition with its limited-edition HaMelekh Megilla illuminated with nine specially designed two-color wood-engravings
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